Instructional+Design+Models

=Instructional Design Models =

//**What is instructional design and why would I use it to create PowerPoint shows and instructional modules?**//

Instructional Systems Design was developed as a way to design instruction systematically using specific steps. Many of us use these steps in tasks every day but we do not label them as such or we use different terminology. 
 * For example, I might see some fancy flip flops and I think about my friends and who might like a pair. I look them over the design to decide how to make them and what materials I need. Then I develop a task analysis of the steps to complete the project. Then I go about making them by cutting strips of different colored cloth and tying them around the straps. Then once I finished I would give them as a present and evaluate my success if the person really wore them or gave them to the dog to chew up. Finally I can then develop an instructional module to teach others how to make this "craft." || [[image:flipflop.jpg width="230" height="140" align="right"]] ||

**Instructional Design as a Process **
Dick and Carey created a very detailed and strong model for instructional design. I think it is important to tie needs assessment and instruction with the final assessment. I feel it is very important to develop assessment at the same time that you choose your objectives and then develop instruction to match objectives and evaluation. I think that the Dick and Carey Model uses the same steps as ADDIE, as ADDIE is more of an umbrella with Dick and Carey filling in underneath each step. Also for this project I feel that a direct instruction style of approach is needed.



**Comparison Dick and Carey Vs. ADDIE** Vs. AECT
Identify Entry Behaviors || ===Analysis=== || Develop and Select Instructional Material || ===//Development//=== || Revise Instruction || ===Utilization &===
 * === ADDIE === || ===__Dick, Carey & Carey __=== || === AECT === ||
 * ===Analysis=== ||  Identify Instructional Goals
 * ===Design=== || Write Performance Objectives || ===Development=== ||
 * ===Development=== || Develop Instructional Strategy
 * ===Implement=== || Develop and Conduct Formative Evaluation

Management
|| Develop and Conduct Summative Evaluation || ===Evaluation=== ||
 * ===Evaluate=== ||  Develop Criterion Referenced Tests

Notice that the steps of ADDIE are not necessarily linear when aligned to the Dick and Carey model. Then in comparison to AECT, ADDIE delineated Design and Development, whereas AECT only has development. In the broad picture AECT does include management as as an organization it is developing standards in those areas for all those certified as instructional designers and not just focused on the design process.

Now I will relate the steps of Dick and Carey to my own project & instructional analysis**// || Students with mild to moderate disabilities who need to learn core concepts and benefit from immediate feedback || Novice to advanced PowerPoint users for linear type presentations || Design and develop**// || Using PowerPoint Using of actual photos Develop teaching scripts with Engelmann direct instruction techniquess. || Multiple means of representation Using PowerPoint screen shots Using Jing Videos to demonstrate how to insert links Developing example PowerPoint Developing tutorials || Summative Evaluation**// || Conducted previously in middle school classroom || will conduct evaluation in spring 2010 based on feedback of tutorials, problems encountered by students creating products and quality of products ||
 * ===Dick, Carey and Carey=== || ===Teaching with PowerPoint=== || ===Developing Instructional Modules for using PowerPoint=== ||
 * //**Instructional Goals**// || To develop instructional self-checking modules || To design a non-linear Powerpoint module with self checking & feedback ||
 * //**Identify Entry behaviors
 * //**Performance Objectives**// || The student will use a PowerPoint with self checking and feedback to practice content or skill and then demonstrate mastery of the skill. || The instructor will create a PowerPoint on a concept or skill providing student with frequent corrective feedback. ||
 * //**Criterion References and review instruction**// || this step is based on previous work with K-12 students using PowerPoint || this step is based on work done by previous students in EDEX 750 ||
 * //**Instructional Strategy
 * //**Formative Evaluation &